Network Monitoring And Management System Information Technology Essay

Network monitor And wariness System Information Technology EssayAliterature critical reviewis a body of text that aims to review the critical points of actual knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a fussy topic. Literature reviews atomic number 18secondary sources, and as much(prenominal), do not report any unexampled or original experimental work.Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such astheses, a literature review usu wholey precedes a research proposal and results section. Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that may be needed in the atomic number 18a.A well-structured literature review is characterized by alogicalflow of ideas current and relevant references with consistent, appropriatereferencing style proper use ofterminology and an unbiased and well-rounded view of the pre vious research on the topic.4.1 Domain Research4.1.1 Network supervise and Management trunk4.1.1.1 Introduction to the use of Network Monitoring and Management schemeWhenever there is vital information in an constitution there has to be some agent who has to provide surety measures to that information. This is because this vital information quarter be some sort of business plans, customer details or any kind of confidential tenders that is very important to organizational benefit. Any opp wholenessnt company canister gain profit if it has accessed to those information by any means. Thus here arise the need and usage of intercommunicate observe trunk that go forth be able to monitor the activities of its client.Secondly in both company one can expect there pull up stakes be one mesh decision maker. But when the number of machine increases it is difficult to manage those machines manually. Suppose one need to install some kind of programs in the client PC, the adminis trator has to go to that PC and then install. It is literally time consuming to go to each and every PC for initiation and finishing a set up litigate. Another way to solve this problem is to hire more employees for maintenance of the machines. Now this will be costly affair. So the use of Network Monitoring and Management together forms an important part of organizational computing machine network in day to life.4.1.1.2 Network Monitoring and Management SystemThe termnetwork observedescribes the use of a system that constantly monitors acomputer networkfor slow or failing components and that notifies thenetwork administrator(via email, pager or other alarms) in case of outages. It is a subset of the functions involved innetwork focussing. While an encroachment detection systemmonitors a network for threats from the outside, a network monitoring system monitors the network for problems caused by overloaded and/or crashed servers, network connections or other turn of eventss. Ef fective planning for a network guidance system requires that a number of network coun selling tasks be performed. The network concern system should discover the network inventory, monitor the health and status of devices and provide alerts to conditions that come to system performance.Anintrusion detection system(IDS) is a device or parcel applicationthat monitors network and/or system activities for malicious activities or insurance policy violations and produces reports to a Management Station. Intrusion prevention is the process of performing intrusion detection and attempting to stop detect possible incidents.Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) are primarily focused on identifying possible incidents, logging information about them, attempting to stop them, and reporting them to security system administrators. IDPSs have become a necessary appendage to the security infrastructure of nearly every organization.Network managementrefers to the activities, methods , procedures, and tools that pertain toOperation deals with glide bying the network (and the services that the network provides) up and running smoothly. It includes monitoring the network to spot problems as soon as possible, ideally before users are affected.Administration deals with keeping track of resources in the network and how they are assigned. It includes all the housekeeping that is necessary to keep the network under control.Maintenance is concerned with performing repairs and upgrades-for example, when equipment must be replaced, when a router needs a patch for an direct system image, when a new switch is added to a network. Maintenance besides involves corrective and preventive measures to make the managed network run better, such as adjusting device configuration parameters.Provisioning is concerned with configuring resources in the network to support a given service. For example, this might include setting up the network so that a new customer can receive voice se rvice.4.1.1.2.1 Types of intrusion detection systems B5B6For the purpose of dealing with IT, there are three main fibers of IDSFig Showing type of intrusion Detection systemNetwork intrusion detection system(NIDS)It is an independent platform that identifies intrusions by examining network traffic and monitors multiple hosts. Network intrusion detection systems gain access to network traffic by connecting to anetwork hub,network switchconfigured forport mirroring, ornetwork tap. In a NIDS, sensors are located at choke points in the network to be monitored, often in the demilitarized zone(DMZ) or at network borders. Sensors mesmerise all network traffic and analyze the content of individual packets for malicious traffic. An example of a NIDS is Snort.Host-based intrusion detection system(HIDS)It consists of an agent on a host that identifies intrusions by analyzing system calls, application logs, file-system modifications (binaries, password files, capability databases, Access cont rol lists, etc.) and other host activities and state. In a HIDS, sensors usually consist of asoftware agent. Some application-based IDS are also part of this category. An example of a HIDS isOSSEC.Perimeter Intrusion Detection System(PIDS)Detects and pinpoints the location of intrusion attempts on gross profit margin fences of critical infrastructures. Using either electronics or more advancedfiber opticcable technology fitted to the perimeter fence, the PIDS detects disturbances on the fence, and this signal is monitored and if an intrusion is detected and deemed by the system as an intrusion attempt, an alarm is triggered.4.1.1.2.2 Comparison with firewallsThough they both relate to network security, an intrusion detection system (IDS) differs from a firewall in that a firewall looks outwardly for intrusions in order to stop them from happening. Firewalls limit access between networks to prevent intrusion and do not signal an attack from inside the network. An IDS evaluates a sus pected intrusion once it has taken place and signals an alarm. An IDS also watches for attacks that originate from within a system. This is traditionally achieved by examining network communications, identifying heuristics and patterns (often known as signatures) of common computer attacks, and taking action to alert operators. A system that terminates connections is called anintrusion prevention system, and is another form of anapplication layer firewall4.1.1.3 Components of Network Monitoring and Management SystemThe network monitoring system elementaryally contains different modules with the help of which proper functioning is carried out. The following are the list of modules and processesInitial Set-Up This is the startle step while setting up a network monitoring tool. The machines must be physically connected. IP addressing should be properly carried out.Network subroutine The system sends out a command across the network along with usage of various components to get the m inimum knowledge on the get in which the network is functioning network. This model is useful for documenting the network configuration.Machine Pooling Now the map is prepared, and the system sends the current status request to the components that are in the network. With this process the system would able to get the knowledge of any potential failures that exist in the network.Alarms Notification The application can detect the potential failures in the real network. Like if any system has gone out of LAN due to any cable fault or any type of other failures it will send notification to the administrator. Information about errors can be displayed centrally or even sent as an SMS message to a mobile telephone Notification can be through e-Mail, SMS or Pager.Reporting The log-sheet with the help of the command can be very useful for the system administrator to hand the idea of the type of error that has been frequently occurring.By undergoing a thorough research the developer has found out that certain processes like filtering of client, listing of process, managing clients and their processes are the basic functionalities that must be present in a network monitoring system.4.1.1.4 Network based Application ArchitectureNetwork based application architecture can be described as the software architecture of the network based application. It provides an abstract view and the model for comparison of the architecture that is going to be used to build the system. It explains how system components are allocated and identified and how these components interact with the system. Also provides information on the amount and granularity of communication needed for interact. Along with it also gives idea on the interface communications protocols.4.1.1.4.1 Client/Server Architecture W2W3The client-server model distinguishes between applications as well as devices. Network clients make requests to a server by sending messages, and servers respond to their clients by acting on each request and returning results. One server generally supports numerous clients, and multiple servers can be networked together in a pool to handle the increased processing load as the number of clients grows.CUsersJAYESHPicturesfeatures-client-server.jpgCUsersJAYESHPicturesclient_server_architecture.jpgFig- A Client-Server NetworkTheclient-server modelof computing is adistributed applicationstructure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, calledservers, and service requesters, calledclients.Often clients and servers communicate over acomputer networkon separate hardware, but both client and server may reside in the same system. A server machine is a host that is running one or more server programs which share their resources with clients.In most cases, client-server architecture enables the roles and responsibilities of a computing system to be distributed among some(prenominal) independent computers that are known to each other o nly through a network. This creates an additional advantage to this architecture greater ease of maintenance. For example, it is possible to replace, repair, upgrade, or even relocate a server while its clients remain both unaware and unaffected by that change.Client/Server architecture with respect to champaign research4.1.1.4.2 Network monitoring protocols W12Website monitoring service can check HTTP pages, HTTPS, SNMP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, DNS, SSH,TELNET,SSL,TCP,ping,SIP,UDP, Media Streaming and a range of other ports with a variety of check intervals ranging from every four hours to every one minute. Typically, most network monitoring services test your server anywhere between once-per-hour and per-minute.SNMP is the most well known protocol used to manage networked devices. It was to facilitate the exchange of management information between networked devices operating at the application layer of the ISO/OSI model. A collection of network management stations and network elem ents are implicit in the SNMP architectural model. Network management stations monitor and control network elements by executing management applications for Network devices such as hosts, gateways, terminal and servers which have management agents responsible for performing the network management functions requested by the network management stations. The easy Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used to communicate management information between the network management stations and the agents in the network elements.SNMP is most normally used for remote management of network devices. SNMP is moreover known for its flexibility. Adding network-management functions to the existing system is very easy. An SNMP-managed network typically consists of three componentsManaged devicesAgentsNetwork management systemsA managed device can be any piece of equipment that sits on your data network and is SNMP compliant. Routers, switches, hubs, workstations, and printers are all examples of manag ed devices. An agent is typically software that resides on a managed device. The agent collects data from the managed device and translates that information into a format that can be passed over the network apply SNMP. A network-management system monitors and controls managed devices. The network management system issues requests and devices return responses.4.1.1.5 HCI (Human calculating machine Interaction)Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of study phenomena surrounding them. Association for Computing MachineryAs Smart Whistle Blower- a network management and monitoring tool completely functions according to the user. That is why developer tried and true to implement peoples interaction with computers and to develop the computers for successful interaction with human by the concept of HCI (Human- Computer Interaction). The developer used followin g main parts of HCIUserComputerInteractionThe developer implemented HCI with the aim of improving the interactions between humans and computers by making computers more usable and receptive to the users needs. Usability can be defined as the extent to which the system can be learnt and used by the users. So the developer measures the usability of the system by analyzing the following pointsEasy to learnEffective to use cost-effective to useWhile developing a system using HCI principles the following factors must be considered by the developerOrganizational FactorsEnvironmental FactorsHealth and Safety Factors pouffe FactorsPeopleSystem/Network AdministratorSupervisor AdvisorHCI now is being used in a wide range of fields which are shown in the diagram belowFig Showing related modules to HCIUSource http//images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http//www.deepamehta.de/docs/images/talk/39-middle.png4.1.1.6 Market Research4.1.1.6.1 Similar software available in foodstuffThere are numerous mo nitoring tools available in the market, some of which are listed belowApplication MonitoringPerformance Monitoringselective informationbase Monitoring earnest MonitoringEnvironment MonitoringNetwork Traffic MonitoringPC MonitoringProtocol Analyzing4.1.1.6.2 Comparison map W13 W14 W15W16W17W18W19W20Fig Showing Comparison Chart between ten software and Smart Whistle BlowerA Brief AnalysisOn a comparison with 10 network monitoring system it has been found that the proposed software i.e. Smart Whistle is providing many such facilities that the current network monitoring system do not have. The comparison has been do on nine different features that network monitoring and management software must have. The features commonly are as follows Logical Grouping Distributed Monitoring ironware Intrusion Detection WebApp Auto discovery Triggers/alerts Live Screening Chat enabled Support Network Management System4.1.2 trade protection management recommendation protective covering Mana gement for networks is different for all kinds of situations. A small home or an office would only require basic security while large businesses will require high maintenance and advanced software and hardware to prevent malicious attacks fromhackingandspamming.Small homesA basicfirewalllike COMODO Internet Security or aunified threat managementsystem.For Windows users, basicAntivirus softwarelikeAVG Antivirus,ESET NOD32 Antivirus,Kaspersky,McAfee,Avast,Zone Alarm Security SuiteorNorton Antivirus. An anti-spyware program such asWindows DefenderorSpybot Search Destroywould also be a good idea. There are many other types of antivirus or anti-spyware programs out there to be considered.When using a wireless connection, use a robust password. Also sample to use the starchyest security supported by your wireless devices, such as WPA2 with AES encryption.Enable MAC Address filtering to keep track of all home network MAC devices connecting to your router.Assign STATIC IP addresses to n etwork devices. modify ICMP ping on router.Review router or firewall logs to help identify abnormal network connections or traffic to the Internet.Use passwords for all accounts.Have multiple accounts per family member, using non-administrative accounts for day-to-day activities. Disable the guest account (Control Panel Administrative Tools Computer Management Users).Raise awareness about information security to children.Medium businessesA fairly strongfirewallorUnified Threat ManagementSystemStrongAntivirus softwareand Internet Security Software.Forauthentication, use strong passwords and change it on a bi-weekly/ periodical basis.When using a wireless connection, use a robust password.Raise awareness aboutphysical securityto employees.Use an optionalnetwork analyzeror network monitor.An enlightened administrator or manager.Large businessesA strongfirewallandproxyto keep unwanted people out.A strongAntivirus softwarepackage and Internet Security Software package.Forauthentication, use strong passwords and change it on a weekly/bi-weekly basis.When using a wireless connection, use a robust password.Exercisephysical securityprecautions to employees.Prepare anetwork analyzeror network monitor and use it when needed.Implementphysical securitymanagement likeclosed circuit televisionfor entry areas and restricted zones.Security fencingto mark the companys perimeter.Fire extinguishersfor fire-sensitive areas like server rooms and security rooms.Security guardscan help to maximize security.SchoolAn adjustablefirewallandproxyto allow authorized users access from the outside/inside.StrongAntivirus softwareand Internet Security Software packages.Wireless connections that lead tofirewalls.Childrens Internet Protection Actcompliance.Supervision of network to guarantee updates and changes based on popular site usage.Constant inspection by teachers, librarians, and administrators to guarantee protection against attacks by bothinternetandsneaker netsources.security via fir ewallLarge governmentA strongfirewallandproxyto keep unwanted people out.StrongAntivirus softwareand Internet Security Software suites.Strongencryption.White list authorized wireless connection, block all else. only network hardware is in secure zones.All hosts should be on a private network that is invisible from the outside.Put web servers in aDMZ, or a firewall from the outside and from the inside.Security fencingto mark perimeter and set wireless range to this.4.1.3 Service and Technology Growth in IndiaAs India emerging as one of the major IT leaders of the world, more and more IT companies are establishing in the present scenario. With the increase in IT companies more competition will arise in the market, as a result there will be increase in business politics and hence everybody will try to win this race of competition in the market. Thus there is high risk of hackers intruding into company database and taking away vital information and selling them to rival company. So here the importance of Network Security arises. As a result more and more number of Network Monitoring and management systems is being developed.On a detailed research it has been found that the number of cases of cyber crime is increasing every year. With practical guidancedelivered by expert speakersan organization named as e-CrimeIndia is the premier networking and knowledge initiative for security, IT, fraud, investigations, CERT, audit, forensics, and compliance professionals who are responsible forprotecting against existing attacks and emerging threats.Major IT companies in India like the Infosys, TCS, and Wipro etc. are having separate department to develop software related to network security. Hence one can say the importance of developing such a system because this type of software is ever- demanding with the increase and development of technology.4.2 Information and ResourcesNetworks Networking ConceptsComputer Networks and Internets with Internet Applications, 4th Internati onal strain, Douglas E Comer, Ralph E. Droms, ISN013123627X, Publisher Prentice Hall, Copyright 2004Behrouz Forozuan, (2004) Introduction to Data Communication Networking, 3rd Edition, McGraw-HillTanenbaum, Andrew S. (2003) Computer Networks, 4th Edition, Prentice HallStallings, William (2006) Data and Computer Communications, 7th Edition, Prentice HallBooksLeslie Ann Robertson, 2003, Simple Program Design, 2nd Edition , Boyd and FraserShelly, G.B., Cashman, T.J. Rosenblatt, H.J. (2005) System Analysis and Design, 5th or 6th Edition, Course TechnologyOConnell, F. (2001) How to Run Successful Projects III The Silver Bullet. Addison Wesley, ISBN 0201748061CCTA (2002) Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2. The Stationary Office Books, Cleland, D. (2001) A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge 2000. PMI. ISBN 0113308914White Paper and JournalParnas, David,A rational design process and how to fake it (PDF)An influential composition which criticises the idea that softwa re production can occur in perfectly discrete phases.Royce, Winston (1970),Managing the Development of Large Software Systems,Proceedings of IEEE WESCON26(August) 1-9Web billetwww.onestoptesting.com/sdlc-models/waterfall-model/http//www.freelancer.com/projects/by-tag/projects-socket-programming-based-multi-client-server-architecture.html

The GAP: PESTEL, SWOT and Porters Five Analysis

The GAP PESTEL, SWOT and Porters Five AnalysisElements of Analysis The GAP CasePESTEL AnalysisUtilizing the PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental Legal factors) model, the key drivers and areas of signifi evictt impact for the emulous payoff in the GAP case are (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2005, pp. 65, 68)Political This seems only to be a factor with regards to operational differences between geographic/geopolitical regions, i.e., the US vs. the UK, and social welfare policies that affect actual garment construction.Social This is a major driver of succeeder as fashion and style would likely slip away under this auspice. Specifically, the susceptibility of the firm to generate the perception that its products reflect the fleeting sense of a trend is central to being a leader in retail fashion.Technological This is a significant factor as the lack of a fully function European e-commerce platform was an opportunity cost that can be measured in lo st market share valued in the multi-million pound range.SWOT AnalysisStrengths The Gap has existed marketing power and strawman and has prime, established retail locations without the US and UK.Weaknesses The inability to establish e-commerce on the UK side has lost not only sales opportunities exclusively likely tarnished the pictorial matter of a company that wants to be seen a hip and trendy in a digital age in which competitive parity is bricks and clicks.Opportunities Through alive resources and brand equity, the Gap has the opportunity to regain one of the top spots in the mind of the consumer for fashionable clothing. One of the chief means of doing so is to speedily replicate the success of the online presence of the US business in the UK.Threats Perhaps the biggest threat is that one of the smaller boutique venues will turn over sufficient success to legitimately chip away at the mindshare of the consumer that Gap currently has on a scale that will be very diffic ult to reclaim.Porters 5 ForcesAs with the PESTEL framework above, only the most salient factors are indicated (Porter 1980, p. 4)Potential Entrants The rise of small-scale boutique firms allow profit-taking from firms that do not gestate the overhead of a corporation such as The Gap. This allows for greater flexibility and speed in the delivery of fashion to market.The Threat of Substitute Goods Similar to potency entrants, there are not only other products that perform the same function but, in times in which economics dictate allocation of rare consumer resources amongst items that, to some extent, fall under the category of highly discretionary spending. Contrary to this, one might argue that fashion will always be in style and thus in-demand, the attractiveness of the industry will attract more entrants. Eventually, a form of homeostasis will be achieved but only at the set down of the exit of some less profitable firms.Industry Rivalry The combine of the above two facto rs creates what is arguably a hypercompetitive environment characterized by larger firms pursuit to sustain competitive wages through enduring presence while small, flexible and fast firms seek to take perhaps a temporal luck by capitalizing on that which is most trendy.The Four Ps (Price, Promotion, Place fruit)The concept of the marketing mix or the 4 Ps gives dreadful strategic insight into how the firm goes to market with its portfolio of goods and services.Price Pricey but not so much that they cannot be seen as luxurious necessities for those for whom being cool off or sexy is a real or aspirant lifestyle.Promotion Consistent with other aspects of the marketing mix, television advertisements feature hip and trendy music, a good deal done by somewhat older (yet still cool) musicians with engaging music. These featuring dancing or at least, rhythmic maneuvers, in which one must assume the garment worn are as much a part of the causative agent for such behavior as the apparent youthful attraction and berth of the performance crew.Place Sold only through Gap stores in mainstream retail locations such as shopping malls and through, at least in the US, Gap-branded online channels.Product Positioned as perhaps something that could be labeled as young sexy casual, such an offering virtually defines its market as those who are young and catch (or want to view) themselves as fashionable and trendy. Products include shirts, jeans, sweaters, accessories and more and all geared at generating such a feel or experience for the wearer.Overall crinkle StrategyIn general, a firm can have one of two broad strategies cost-leadership or specialisation. With regards to differentiation, a firm may choose to incision based upon the customer by focusing on a niche or specialty market or they may choose product differentiation as by innovation or similar pursuit (Porter 1980, p. 35). Using this general approach, the Gap clearly pursues a strategy of seeking comp etitive advantage by differentiating product offerings (what it does) to those for whom a sense of urban/sub-urban-esque fashionable personal style is very relevant to their lifestyle (the target market) through a combination of exclusive retail locations and a corollary online venue (the where of its strategy). collective Social ResponsibilityThe idea of corporate social responsibility is best expressed by the notion of, the extent to which an organization exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders as specified through regulation and corporate governance (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2005, p. 191). With regards to the GAP case, such a perspective is explicit when they actively seek to position themselves not simply as seeking to establish sustained competitive advantage but the advantages conferred to everyone through sustainable business. Specifically, through their alliance to support AIDS awareness and suffering, they achieve profits and good works. Antithetically, one c ritique would likely be to question not the outcome but the motive for doing so.The Resource-Based ViewThe sum of money of the resource-based view of the view establishes the lens of the VRIO framework. That is, for a firm to achieve sustained competitive advantage, its resources must be valuable, rare, irreproducible and organizational in nature (Barney 2007, p. 138). With this in mind, it seems to follow that the best sources of such are resources which are intangible rather than tangible. From this perspective, the ability of GAP to attract and stop designers who can consistently replicate and market what is or is about to become fashionable at competitive costs would meet such criteria.Strategic RecommendationsThe essence of the Gap to maintain/re-establish sustainable competitive advantage is to be able to be both big and small simultaneously. The competition seemingly enjoys the element of first-mover advantage with regards to their ability to operate under the radar only t o appear with trendy products in the market that less insightful firms can then attempt to copy. Correspondingly, the ability of the boutique firm to mass-produce and distribute a successful product is far less than that of the Gap with it established manufacturers and well-oiled distribution channels. Thus, the Gap needs to look at fast, flexible methods of getting fresh and accurate insights into production and into stores. In the classic business decision, the Gap has but two options make or buy. That is, they can all allocate resources in the form of time, talent or treasure (aka, money) to acquire these abilities or they may choose to outsource these functions to other firms. Perhaps a hybridized ascendent is to form strategic alliances with such smaller firms that have these resources in abundance but lack the marketing and manufacturing power of the Gap. Such a solution would achieve the goal of the acquisition, even if temporary, that the Gap seems to lack as it seeks to create lasting sources of competitive advantage in the face of the hyper-competitive, mature yet propellentally erratic industry of upscale casual fashion apparel.Mature vs. Dynamic FirmThe Gap competes in a arguably mature but changing and constanting vicissitude industry. A mature industry can be characterized by the following (Barney 2007, p. 94)Slowing growth in total industry demand.The development of experienced fictionalise customers.A slowdown in the increases in production capacity.A decrease in new product introductions.An increase in the level of international competition.An boilers suit reduction in industry profitability.With these criteria, the retail fashion clothing industry is perhaps somewhat unique in that each year brings something of a second-chance to arrest the market. Though the degree of competitiveness and production capacity indicate a mature industry, the new arrivals to the target customer segment in regards to age, affluence and attitudes support a potentially rich new customer base.These factors lead to the classification of the industry as being mature but yet quite dynamic in the sense that technology and the preferred tastes of an ever-changing consumer segment create a need for the Gap to acquire marketing insights and speed and flexibility in production to bring such high-margin, high-risk products as fashion clothing to market.Key ReferencesBarney, J. (2007). Creating and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice-Hall.Johnson, G., K. Scholes, and R. Whittington. (2005). Exploring Corporate Strategy, 7th edition. Harlow, England Prentice-Hall.Porter, M. (1980). Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analyzing Industries Competitors. Boston, Massachusetts The Free Press.

Evidence Based Screening Case Study

evince Based Screening Case StudyChristopher MasonClinical scenarioMiss. J, ( non the patients real title or Initial), is a 37- social class old female who was recently admitted to the hospital for chronic fatigue leading to exhaustion. As a career she says, I am a paid writer and aspiring actress. She lives alone on the Westside of Los Angeles in a one bedroom apartment. During our conversation she disclosed that after a five year period of not smoking she has begun smoking again. Miss. J says that the melodic phrasees that come with her career path as an actress and writer along with the people involved in the corresponding has most alikely caused her to do so. Miss. J denies any extracurricular drug use but does occasionally use alcohol as a stress reducer. As far as she knows no one in her family has died from or developed any type of cancer. Her father passed away from Acute Myocardial infarct and was a type 1 diabetic. Her mother has steroid induced type 2 diabetes. Miss . J says, I have managed to avoid both. So far.Identification of the Evidence Based GuidelineBased on the interaction with Miss. J, several risk constituents became apparent and they include a family history of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. plain with type 2 diabetes having a strong familial association her mothers was induced by steroids rather than beingness genetic. The other risk factor that I identified was the smoking of cigarettes and casual use of alcohol as a stress reducer. This places her at an increased risk for use of other illicit drugs, driving accidents, lung cancer, COPD, and high blood pressure, as well as other smoking related diseases.Reason for Selecting GuidelineBased on the United States term of enlistment Services Task Force (U. S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2010), being screened for high blood pressure is recommended as an A direct screening. The current level defining hypertension in adults is equal to or greater than 140 for systolic and equal to or greater than 90 for diastolic. Based on variation between separate readings, it is recommended to obtain greater than 2 readings on different visits over several weeks to diagnose hypertension. (p. 35)Barriers and Facilitators for ClientMiss. J has only one restriction that I could pinpoint to following up with the screening. Her fatigue. She told me that sometimes she misses appointments because she is too exhausted to drive to them. She agreed that she would make an appointment with her personal physician after being released from the hospital to be screened for hypertension. Adding that she just hoped that she would be able to make the appointments.One of the facilitators that allowed me to participate in a conversation with Miss. J concerning her hypertension was her stating to me that she wished she could have a smoke. That along with her being a captive audience in the hospital. No one had been to visit with her that I had seen, so I assumed and was correct that she would like to chat.Receptivity of ClientMiss. J was receptive to the screenings I have listed below. She stated to me that she had recently had a pap smear and tested negative for abnormal cervical cells and HPV. Being asked about the Chlamydia screening because of being sexually active she said it was something she was interested in receiving more information about.Evidence Based Screening Guidelines pertinent to PatientTypeClinical Considerations and Currency SituationCervical CancerWomen 21 to 65 (Pap smear) every 3 years or, for women age 30 to 65 years who want to lengthen the screening interval, screening with a combination of cytology and HPV testing every 5 years. Grade A+ Recommended. (Screening for Cervical Cancer, 2014). Yes, she is current.ChlamydiaAll sexually active non-pregnant young women aged 24 and younger and for older non-pregnant women who are at increased risk. Grade A+ Recommended. (Section 2. Recommendations for Adults (continued) Agency for healthcare Research spirit (AHRQ)Chlamydia, 2014) No, she is not current.Folic virulentAll women planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800 g) of folic acid. Grade A+ Recommended. (Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects, 2014) Yes, she takes daily supplement.HIVAdolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk should overly be screened. Grade A+ Recommended. (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement, 2014) Yes, she is current.Tobacco ingestionThis recommendation applies to adults 18 years or older and all pregnant women regardless of age. The USPSTF plans to issue a separate recommendation statement about counseling to prevent tobacco use in non-pregnant adolescents and children. Grade A+ Recommended. (Counseling and Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Caused Disease in Adults and Pregnant Women Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement, Apr il 2009) Yes, she has been instructed and understands she should quit. healthcare Provider BarriersI am acting my clinical rotation at Cedars Sinai in Beverly Hills. They do not allow us to use electronics in or around the patients/clients. After explaining to my clinical nexus about our subject and assignment we were cleared to use the program as long as we did it outside of the patients rooms. This was limiting but not considered a complete barrier.Confidence in Providing Evidence Based Screening GuidelinesThis assignment made me feel uncomfortable at first. I realized that I would be asking some very personal questions to a patient that I did not know. However, it did allow me the chance to become familiar with the AHRQ evidence found guidelines application on the android market. Also, it allowed me to help my patient to learn more about the screenings that she should have based on her lifestyle.ReferencesCounseling and Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Caused D isease in Adults and Pregnant Women Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement. (April 2009). from http//www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf09/tobacco/tobaccors2.htmFolic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects. (2014). from http//www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsnrfol.htmScreening for Cervical Cancer. (2014). from http//www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspscerv.htmSection 2. Recommendations for Adults (continued) Agency for Healthcare Research Quality (AHRQ)Chlamydia. (2014). from http//www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/guidelines-recommendations/guide/section2a.htmltiptopU. S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2010). The guide to clinical preventive services, 2010-2011 recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville, Md. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement. (2014). from http//www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf13/hiv/hivfin alrs.htm

Magic realism as post-colonialist device in Midnights Children Essay

Magic realism as hazard- compoundist device in Midnights ChildrenMagic realism in relation to the post-colonial and Midnights Children The formal technique of magic realism, Linda Hutcheon writes, (with its characteristic mixing of the fantastic and the realist) has been singled out by many critics as one of the points of conjunction of post-modernism and post-colonialism (131). Her tracing the origins of magic realism as a literary style to Latin America and Third World countries is accompanied by a definition of a post-modern text as signifying a budge from modernisms ahistorical burden of the past it is a text that self-consciously reconstructs its relationship to what came before (131). The post-modern is linked by magic realism to post-colonial literatures which are also negotiating....the same tyrannical weight of colonial history in conjunction with the past (131).Before discussing magic realism in Midnights Children, a brief definition of the term post-colonialismas I inte nd to persona it in this essay will aid the clarification of the links made between Hutcheons theory and the following analysis of Rushdies text. Ania Loomba argues that post-colonialism is a loose term. She notes that the prefix post....implies an aftermath in two senses - temporal, as in coming after, and ideological, as in supplanting. It is the second implication which critics of the term have found contestable if the inequities of colonial rule have not been erased, it is perhaps premature to proclaim the demise of colonialism. A country may be both postcolonial (in the sense of being officially independent) and neo-colonial (in the sense of remaining economically and/or culturally dependant) at the same time. (7)... ...Helen Tiffin, eds. The Post-colonial Studies Reader. London Routledge, 1995.Durix, Jean-Pierre. Salman Rushdie Interview. Kunapipi4.2 (1982) 17 - 26.Hutcheon, Linda. Circling the Downspout of Empire. Ashcroft, Bill et al., 130 - 5.Loomba, Ania.Colonialism/Pos tcolonialism. London Routledge, 1998.Mishra, Vijay. The Texts of Mother India. After Europe.Ed. Stephen Slemon and Helen Tiffin. Sydney Dangaroo Press, 1989. 119-37.Monaco, James, ed. The complete(a) International Encyclopedia of Film. London Virgin, 1992.Pattayanak, Chandrabhanu. Interview with Salman Rushdie. Literary Criterion 18.3 (1983) 19 - 22.Rushdie, Salman. Midnights Children. London Vintage, 1995.Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. London Vintage, 1994.Slemon, Stephen. Magic Realism as Post-Colonial Discourse. Canadian Literature 116 (1988) 9 - 24.

Aphra Behns Oroonoko as the First Modern Novel Essay -- Oroonoko Essay

During the seventeenth century, the art of writing was like uncharted waters for women, in which most who ventured were rendered pathetically unsuccessful. No matter the quality, publications written by women were typically ridiculed by their male contenders. However, a handful of women defied the common standards and were prosperous one of these was Aprha Behn. Virgina wolf says of Behn, All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the tomb of Aphra Behn, for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds. Although she was a woman of outstanding accomplishments, one of her publications truly glistens. Oroonoko (1688), the epic history of a heroic black slave, has often been dubbed the introductory modern novel in that it displays qualities utterly matchless for the seventeenth century. Although one may not take up it, several aspects work harmoniously in constructing the modern novel. According to Ian Watt, three of these are particularity, unity of design, an d rejection of traditional plots. A novel must focus on specific characters and has to occur in a distinct time frame. Furthermore, a novel should have a plot unlike others of the era. One common creative thinker or theme should also rule the work. All of these characteristics are vividly expressed in Oroonoko. Particularity, Watt states, is the amount of attention it the novel habitually accords to both the laissez faire of its characters and to the detailed presentation of their environment. Behn puts an emphasis on only a few main characters these being Oroonoko (Caesar), the narrator who is a white mistress, and Imoinda, Oroonokos love. The writer goes to great lengths to bright paint a picture of Oroonoko for the readers, ... ...el - distinctiveness, unity of design, and rejection of traditional plots. Behns accomplishment in writing Oroonoko both paved the way for future female writers and set an usage for prospective novelists. Truly her impassioned account of a maltre ated slave who died for liberty will forever be revered and cherished as the first modern novel. Works Cited Behn, Aphra and Janet Todd. Oroonoko, The Rover and Other Works. England Penguin Classics, 1992. Hunter, Paul J. Before Novels. The Aphra Behn Page. <http//www.lit-arts.com/rmn/behn/novel.htm> 22 July 1999. Watt, Ian. The beginnings of the English novel. The Aphra Behn Page. <http//www.lit-arts.com/rmn/behn/novel.htm>19 July 1999. Wolf, Virginia. A Room of Ones Own. The Virginia Wolf rescript of Great Britian. <http//orlando.jp.org/VWSGB/> 22 July 1999.

The Great Depression in America :: essays research papers

The Great Depression of 1929-33 was the most severe economic crisis of modern times. Millions of people woolly-headed their jobs, and many farmers and businesses were bankrupted. Industrialized nations and those supplying primary products which were all affected in one way or another. In Germany the United States industrial output cut out by about 50 per cent, and between 25 and 33 per cent of the industrial labor force was unemployed. The Depression was eventually to cause a unadulterated turn-around in economic theory and establishment policy. In the 1920s governments and business people largely believed, as they had since the 19th century, that prosperity resulted from the least possible government intervention in the domestic economy, from open international relations with little trade discrimination, and from currencies that were fixed in value and readily convertible. Few people would report to believe this in the 1930s.The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world. Though the U.S. economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may be said to have begun with a harmful collapse of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929. During the next three years of the U.S. government stock continue to fall, until by late 1932 they had dropped to however about 20 percent of their value in 1929. Besides ruining many thousands of individual investors, this precipitous decline in the value of assets greatly drive banks and other financial institutions, particularly those holding stocks in their portfolios. Many banks were consequently forced into insolvency by 1933, 11,000 of the United States 25,000 banks had failed. Many people thought that it was the governments fault for livery this together. It also became clear that there had been serious over-production in agriculture, leading to falling pri ces and a rising debt among farmers. The Depression spread rapidly around the world because the responses do by governments were flawed. When faced with falling export earnings they overreacted and severely increased tariffs on imports, thus further reducing trade. Moreover, since deflation was the only policy supported by economic theory at the time, the initial response of every government was to cut their spending. As a result consumer demand fell even further.

No “More” Socialism: Debunking Raphael Hythlodaeus’ Argument Against Pr

George Orwell, in his famous essay, Why Socialists Dont Believe in Fun, aptly described the problem of whatever Utopian ideal. It would seem that human beings are not able to describe, nor perhaps to imagine, happiness except in terms of contrast Nearly all creators of Utopia turn over resembled the man who has (a) toothache, and therefore thinks happiness consists in not having a toothache. They wanted to produce a perfect society by an endless continuation of something that had notwithstanding been valuable because it was temporary (Orwell). In Thomas Mores Utopia, Raphael Hythloday is used as a conduit through which More expresses his distaste with private property. It is striking how reliable Orwells words toilet be applied to Mores Utopia. Mores criticism of private property is structurally fallible, and his description of an option is deeply implausible. Raphael is used to lay out the Utopian alternative economic and civic system, from the common-place peasant subsisten ce economy of Mores England through his description of the idealist island of Utopia (Overton 4). Raphaels case against private property is built upon two principle supports the perceived fallacies and failures in a peasant subsistence capitalistic economy, and how seemingly intuitive the collectivised alternatives of the island of Utopia are in solving the tribulations which so perplex the worlds peasantry. If we analyze Raphaels argument, we find that it is grossly mis-calculated. The assumptions made in both the spin of Utopia and the deconstruction of Englands economic system are both contradictory and completely over-simplified. With our advantage of economic and historical hindsight we can see that Raphael lays blame without knowledge, and we can se... ... A. Von. Collectivist Economic Planning. London s.n., 1950. Print. Hunt, E. K. History of Economic Thought A Critical Perspective. Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, 2002. Print. Marx, Karl, Friedrich Engels, David McLellan, and Sam uel Moore. The Communist Manifesto. Oxford u.a. Oxford UP, 1998. Print. Mill, John Stuart, and W. J. Ashley. Principles of Political Economy, with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. New York A. M. Kelley, eller, 1965. Print. More, Thomas, and George M. Logan. Utopia A Revised Translation, Backgrounds, Criticism. New York W.W. Norton &, 2011. Print. Orwell, George. The Collected Essays, Journalism, and Letters of George Orwell. New York Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968. Print. Overton, Mark. Agricultural Revolution in England The Transformation of the Agrarian Economy, 1500-1850. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1996. Print.